What is your name? Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Doménech
What else are you called? (Nickname) Salvador Dalí
What is your sex Male
What is your age? 84
What is your height and weight? 5 foot 8 inches, weight unknown
What color are your hair, eyes, skin, etc.? Grey hair, brown eyes, fair light skin.
What sort of posture do you have? Fairly good posture
What is your overall appearance? Old, freckly
Any defects? Many moles on face
Where do you live? Figueres, Spain
Where were you born? Figueres, Spain
What class of society are you? Artist, presumably artist
What is your occupation? Artist
What is your education? College education majoring in art
What about your home life? My home life was centered around the war, and it was very tense.
Do you have any brother or sisters? How many older and how many younger? one sister, Ana María Dalí.
What do you remember about the house you grew up in? We were tangled up in the civil war, there wasn't much time for home life
What religion do you practice if any? Roman Catholicism, the official religion of the Franco regime
What is your race or nationality? Spanish
What are your political affiliations? Not for the nationalist regime under Francisco Franco
What do you do for amusement? Paint cubist art
What about the neighborhood you grew up in and what were some of the special occasions in your family? I grew up in a small Catalan town about an hour from Barcelona. Some special occasions in my family were eating and showing them my cubist art.
Name some of the special homemade foods you ate as a child. I actually wrote a cookbook, called "Les diners de Gala"
Name and describe some of the games you played as a child. In my childhood I was not very social and was filled with fits of anger against my parents and classmates.
What is your favorite childhood memory? My favorite childhood memory is when I began to really like art.
What is your worst childhood memory? My worst childhood memory is when the war broke out in my home town.
What is your best feature? My very long mustache
Who you are - now
Who are you? Describe it in detail I am Salvador Dalí, cubist artist in Fascist Spain in the 1900s. I have a long mustache and a very freckly face. I do not like the Fascist regime.
What are you wearing? How does this affect your body? I am usually wearing a suit, and sometimes I have flowers on the end of my mustache.
What objects do you have around that you can pass the time with? I like to twirl my mustache.
What you want
What do you want more than anything? I want art to be free in Spain and Fascist Spain to be replaced by a more free and democratic nation.
What is your goal for the next 5 minutes? 5 years? Life? I want to be happy in life and content with the government of my country.
What will happen if you don't get it? If Spain is not free before I die my art will not be able to be viewed or appreciated after I die. This would hurt Spain and future people living in Spain.
What is your job right now?
What is your goal for the next two hours? My goal for the next two hours is to live happily in my old age.
What do you need to accomplish?
Who can help you with this?
What can help you with this?
exhibition prep
Project Design: Our inquiry question is “How do different concentrations of sugar effect chocolate decomposition?”
Our Hypothesis is that we think less sugar in the chocolate will speed up the decomposition process, and more sugar will slow the decomposition process.
The Purpose of our project is to test different chocolate samples and their decomposition rates depending on the amount of sugar.
Investigation outline:
In our project, we want to analyze the decomposition process of chocolates with differing amounts of sugar in the recipe.
We will conduct this experiment by creating 6 different samples of chocolate using regular sugar amounts, double sugar amount, half sugar amount, regular powdered sugar amount, double powdered sugar amount, and half powdered sugar amount.
We chose this concept to investigate because we think that these alterations to the recipe would make a big difference in taste, texture, and spoilage.
Day to day schedule:
Monday 12/8 Take pictures/data tables
Tuesday 12/9 Take pictures/data tables
Wednesday 12/10 Take pictures/data tables
Thursday 12/11 Take pictures/data tables
Friday 12/12 Take pictures/data tables
Monday 12/15 Create slide show
Tuesday 12/16 Critique work
Wednesday 12/17 Exhibition setup planning
Thursday 12/18 Exhibition
Friday 12/19 Exhibition Cleanup
What are the step by step Procedures you will take to investigate your Inquiry Question?
We will first gather materials for our experiment, and then we will make chocolate with the differing amounts of sugar. After creating the chocolate, we will leave the chocolate out to decompose. Every day we will take pictures of the decomposition process.
What Materials do you need?
Milk
Cocoa Powder
Butter
Water
Flour
Sugar
What Safety precautions do you need to take?
We will be keeping our experiment in an area that won’t be disturbed. Our experiment is not hazardous so no safety precautions are necessary.
How will you make your Observations and record your data?
We will make our observations by taking pictures everyday, and then we will compile the data we find in the pictures into a data chart.
How will you Analyze your data?
We will analyze our data by using what we can see in the pictures we take to form a data chart.
What do you hope to Conclude?
We hope to conclude that less sugar in the chocolate will speed up the decomposition process, and more sugar in the recipe will slow down decomposition.
What will your final product be?
Our final product will be a slideshow of all the different stages of each of the chocolate’s decomposition along with a data table and chocolate samples from the experiments.
What will you Exhibit on Thursday December 18th?
We will exhibit our data table, slideshow and the actual chocolate that we experimented on.
What Research are you basing your Project off of? Please cut and paste the essential facts from your 100 Fact document into this document
Chocolate is difficult to defrost while avoiding bloom.
Many preservatives are regulated under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and pose little harm to humans.
It is common for chocolate to be opened and appear white and unappetizing.
The most common way for chocolate to bloom is if it has come in contact with water or moisture.
The only way to reverse fat bloom is to melt down the chocolate.
Please provide a sketch of your Experimental Setup (Please consider and explain the amount of space you will need to conduct your experiment. Draw it out and list all items you will need: 1 table, 2 chairs, 3 beakers, etc) The actual chocolate making process will be done at home, and then brought into school to observe. At home we will need a pot, a stove, and an ice cube holder to set the chocolate in.
sugar preservation
Questions: What is sugar? Sugar is comprised of sucrose and glucose. we refer to sucrose as sugar, but glucose plays a huge role in the sucrose formula.
What is the chemical formula for glucose? The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, or 6 carbons, 12 hydrogens, and 6 oxygens.
What aspects of the glucose molecule contribute to taste? The spatial arrangements of the atoms in the glucose molecule, as well in other sugar molecules, makes a sweet taste when consumed.
How was/is sugar used in the medical field? Sugar is used in the medical field as a taste additive, since many medicines have nauseating tastes. It was also used as a bonding agent for drugs, and even as a medicine itself.
What is a monosaccharide? Disaccharide? Polysaccharide? A monosaccharide is another word for glucose. It comes from the Latin word saccharum, meaning sugar. Mono refers to one unit (monosaccharide), di for two (disaccharides), or poly for three or more (polysaccharide).
Draw a glucose molecule.
What is the difference between glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose? What are they found in? What are their chemical formulas? What do their molecules look like (you can either draw each one, or describe them in words)?
Glucose is the flavoring in conjunction with sucrose, which is what we refer to as sugar. Sucrose is a disaccharide, made up of one glucose unit and one fructose unit. Fructose is the sugar commonly found in fruits. Glucose and Fructose have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6), but the arrangement of fructose makes it a sweeter and more flavorful sugar than glucose. Fructose is commonly found in honey, which is much sweeter than sugar, which consists of mostly glucose. Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Lactose intolerance is the result of too little lactase. Lactose intolerance can be treated by supplements of lactase.
What is an isomer?
Isomers are molecules that have the same formula, but different structures. Glucose is an isomer, because it has the same chemical formula as Fructose, but a different structure, which makes it sweeter.
What does the body use glucose for? What happens to the human body if glucose levels are off?
Your brain uses glucose in your blood for fuel. Since there is no reserve of glucose in your brain, it relies on a constant supply from your blood. If there is too little or too much glucose in your blood, you could suffer brain damage or even fall into a coma. What other compounds are “sweet” but are unfit for human consumption? Why?
Poisonous alkaloids can be mistaken as sweet. Some scientists believe that the inability to tell between poisonous alkaloids and other materials contributed to the extinction of dinosaurs. Lead acetate was used as a sweetener in the days of the Roman Empire. Lead in the sweetener lead to lead poisoning. Romans also stored liquid in lead containers and ran their water through lead pipes.
List the artificial sweeteners discussed in the reading. Tell me a bit about each.
Saccharin - Saccharin is a powder. Discovered in 1879 by a chemistry student at John Hopkins University. Saccharin has no caloric value, making it the staple for many zero-calorie sweeteners.
Aspartame - Aspartame is a compound of two naturally occurring amino acids. It is metabolized in the body the same way sugar is, but a lot less is needed to produce a sweet taste, unlike sugar.
Sucralose - Sucralose was invented in 1998 and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Sucralose has a structure similar to sucrose, except the glucose unit is replaced by galactose, which is similar to lactose. Chlorine atoms are also added, making the sugar non metabolizable.
Lead Acetate - Used by the Roman Empire, this sweetener is very harmful. Many Romans used this sweetener all the time, and then suffered lead poisoning as a result. This sweetener is no longer used.
sounds of science
Sources (please use MLA format) Source for Music asan educational tool: "Music as a Teaching Tool." Listening and Spoken Language Knowledge Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.
Source for Music as a medical or therapeutic device: "Music Therapy in Medical Hospital." Music Therapy in Medical Hospital. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.
Source for Music as a mood and quality of life enhancer: "Music and Mood." HealthyChildren.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014.
Source for Synesthesia: Than, Ker. "Rare but Real: People Who Feel, Taste and Hear Color." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 22 Feb. 2005. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
Questions How does music work as a tool to educate?
Music could be used as a tool to educate by teaching good habits, like cleaning up (everyone knows the clean up time song), or other concepts like how to wash your hands or even how to write. You can even teach young children the basics of a language through music and songs.
Why is music an effective educational tool?
Music is an effective educational tool because it is easy to remember, and aids in education. I can remember songs from kindergarten and elementary school that involved the seasons, cleaning up, and washing my hands.
What is happening in the brain when a person listens to music?
Research has found that music actually functions as a type of language, but only stimulating your emotions rather than your reasoning skills. Research has also found that when people listen to music, your brain processes it in the same way as spoken words, but shuts down the section of your brain responsible for understanding vocabulary.
What chemicals are responsible for producing/regulating emotions?
When you feel an emotion, it is not just happening in your brain, the chemical reaction is happening all around your body. One major chemical involved in emotions in serotonin, which regulates feelings of content and well-being. Many mental illnesses such as depression are caused by too much or too little serotonin. Dopamine is in charge of feelings such as pleasure or pain.
How do those chemicals react to musical stimuli?
People who listen to upbeat and fast music tend to become happier and more optimistic. Some people who are going through emotional times, such as a breakup, tend to turn to sadder or slower music to try to cope with their situation.
What is music therapy?
Like stated above, the type of music you listen to can positively or negatively affect your mood, so music therapy can be used to treat conditions like depression or other mood and emotion disorders.
What types of medical conditions can music therapy be used for?
Music therapy can be used for many medical conditions, including depression, sleep deprivation (insomnia), Dysthymic disorder, and many mental illnesses relating to mood and emotions.
How can music enhance mood or quality of life?
Happy or upbeat music can enhance your happiness and optimism. During hard times, sad or slow music can help you try to cope with your situation and move on as fast as possible.
What is synesthesia?
Synesthesia is a neurological condition where two or more sensory systems can be combined. People with synesthesia may taste or smell colors, or feel orange when they hear numbers. Different sensory stimuli affect different people.
chemistry of art: pigment research
Objective Answer the question: “How does art depend on chemistry?”
Time Periods Prehistory
What elements and natural materials were pigments created from during this time period?
Dirt and charcoal were mixed with spit or animal fat. The paint would adhere to the cave walls because the material the pigment was mixed with would dry and adhere to the wall.
Were the elements and pigments toxic or safe to use?
The materials were generally okay to use because they didn’t really use any chemicals, they used charcoal and other environmental materials mixed with spit or fat.
Please include any chemical formulas or reactions
There weren’t any chemical formulas or reactions during this time period because chemistry and elements were unknown during this time period.
Antiquity
What elements and natural materials were pigments created from during this time period.
Iron oxide and organic dyes extracted from plants
Were the elements and pigments toxic or safe to use?
The natural dyes extracted from plants weren’t generally toxic or unsafe, but some of the iron oxide dyes were.
Please include any chemical formulas or reactions
None at this time period
Medieval Age
What elements and natural materials were pigments created from during this time period?
Eggs were used during this period. Pigments were mixed with eggs, which would then be painted onto walls or canvases. The egg would dry and stick the paint.
Were the elements and pigments toxic or safe to use?
Most of the pigments and elements weren’t unsafe, but ingesting the egg paint could have been hazardous.
Please include any chemical formulas or reactions
Chemistry and chemical formulas weren’t discovered during this period
Renaissance & Baroque
What elements and natural materials were pigments created from during this time period?
Egg was replaced with walnut or other oils to create a more versatile paint.
Were the elements and pigments toxic or safe to use?
The walnut and other oils weren’t necessarily dangerous, but the elements such as iron oxide mixed with them could have been more dangerous.
Please include any chemical formulas or reactions
None
Modern Age
What elements and natural materials were pigments created from during this time period
Paint was starting to be mass produced, and pre-made paints using chemicals and artificial pigments were appearing on the market. Watercolor became very popular.
Were the elements and pigments toxic or safe to use?
During this period of time, paint was starting to be produced in factories or by other people, so some of the materials and pigments started to become hazardous.
Please include any chemical formulas or reactions
None at the time
Industrialization
What elements and natural materials were pigments created from during this time period?
The tin paint tube was invented, which allowed paint to be transported to different places easily. Paint companies began to use more chemicals in order to prolong the paint life.
Were the elements and pigments toxic or safe to use?
Due to the mass production of paint during this period, it was cheaper and more efficient to use more hazardous materials (unknown to be hazardous at the time) instead of having to find natural and more expensive materials.
Please include any chemical formulas or reactions
There were many polymers in paint, which reacted with some artificial pigments.
Contemporary Age
What elements and natural materials were pigments created from during this time period?
Acrylic paints introduced in this time period.
Were the elements and pigments toxic or safe to use?
Acrylic paints were not safe, and could be linked to many physical and mental problems developed by many artists in the mid 1920s-30s.
Please include any chemical formulas or reactions
Lead (Pb)
Pigments
Pigment #1: Emerald Green
The chemical name is Copper-acetoarsenite
Emerald Green is not considered a pigment anymore because it is very poisonous.
It is very toxic, it is not available anymore because it decomposes into arsenic, which is a lethal gas.
Pigment #2: Van Dyke Brown
Van Dyke Brown contains 90% natural materials.
The paint itself is non-toxic but manganese oxide, one of the components, is mildly toxic.
The chemical name for Van Dyke Brown is iron oxide.
Pigment #3: Titanium White
Titanium White is an artificial compound.
Chemical name is Titanium Dioxide
Titanium White is non-toxic.
Look Closer: Scientific Techniques
Technique #1: X-ray light
X-ray light can reveal different perspectives and hidden meanings behind paintings and art.
X-rays can also reveal how different objects were constructed; using wood, cement, ceramic or other materials.
Some pigments absorb x-ray light more than others.
Technique #2: Microscopy
Microscopes can unveil hidden details and other parts of art that the artist has concealed.
Microscopes can also reveal the type of paint and thickness, which could attribute to finding the time period it was painted in.
Technique #3: UV light
UV light can be applied to certain paints to restore faded paint or defects
UV is common in finding hidden parts of paintings.
UV can be used to help restore paintings that have faded or been damaged.
Conclusion
In a minimum half page of writing, using the information you just researched, respond to the question: “How does art depend on chemistry?”
Art depends on chemistry in many ways. Many colors and pigments would not exist if chemistry hadn’t existed. Many colors, like red, depend on Iron Oxide to create their bright hue. In more modern times, chemistry has been used for synthesis of chemicals that have been used in paints. Lead paint, which was found in a lot of homes and buildings until the late 1970s, has properties that can alter your brain’s activity and functions. Although chemistry and elements weren’t discovered in ancient and prehistoric times, it still played a big role in art and science. In the beginning of art history, many paints were comprised of all natural materials, and weren’t necessarily too dangerous. However, as time progressed, more artificial chemicals were introduced in paints and pigments. Paint was also becoming mass produced at the time, which made the dangerous chemicals more exposed to artists and society. In the 1930s, around the time of the Spanish Civil War, Pablo Picasso began painting with acrylic paints, and suffered many brain injuries due to inhalation.